Flaking I believe is due to poor adhesion of the inks to the paper. Pigmented inks do not penetrate into the paper quite like more fluid solvented inks (dyes) and their adhesion is rather tenuous as you can readily see by running your finger nails even softly, on a print made on Epson semi-gloss. With rough textured papers that have a relatively flat profile adhesion should be easier due to the possibility of mechanical adhesion taking place, i.e. adhesion that occurs as the ink pigments become entangled in the fibers. (These fibers under some magnification can be seen as a rough jungle.) The longer that it takes for the paper to dry, the better chance for the inks to flow into the fiber bundle and develop mechanical adhesion. Accordingly, it seems logical that higher humidity in the environment at the time the print is made will encourage mechanical adhesion by allowing the inks to reamin fluid a bit longer before solidifying. If on the other hand humidity is too high, the inks may take too long to dry and result in tracking. Accordingly a humidity in the range of 50% (the golden mean) and about 60% should be ideal. If you have no tracking problems but do experience flaking problems I'd go for the highest tolerable (for printing) humidity but avoid higher humidities than 75% which can bring about other problems. Temperature is another factor. If the temperature is too low the inks will not be fluid enough. If your printer has been stored in an unheated room just prior to use, you might experience adhesion problems. For temperature normal room temperature, (20 Deg. C), should be ideal. You may not be able to control all these factors unless you have special facilities but at least, having a thermometer and hydrometer where you print and keeping an eye on the environment will enable you to develop effective and problem-free workflows. Second, handling the paper with bare hands can easily interfere with adhesion due to the greasy secretions from the skin which although invisible can give you problems. (for the same reason you never touch batteries' terminals. Accordingly it is best to handle the paper by the edges and avoid touching the surface to print on or else wear cotton gloves while handling. Good luck!
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Combating Flaking
2004-01-06 by Julio Fernandez
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