m.wende, Berlin, Germany, September 27, 1999

 iPD Line-Modes (Casio VZ-x, PG-x, ...)
=======================

1. ext. Phase = off

  a) int. Line =Mix

:M1 + M2

   [M1]---
          |
   [M2]--- -
            \out

This is a simple Mix of two modules. Each with its own 
Properties of Wave, Tune and Amplitude.
 

  b) int. Mode =Ring

:M2 + M1xM2

   [M1]-X-
        | |
   [M2]--- -
            \out

Module M2 works normal as in Mix-Mode but loose a bit of
amplitude.
Module M1 has a Waveform with effects of M2.Wave and M2.Tune
together with its own properties and the ring-modulation
effect. The amplitude-Parms of M1 controls the resulting
complex wave.
Even if Module M2 is switched off - this is the same as the
amplitude is set to zero - M2.Wave and M2.Tune are active as
a part of the M1-Wave.
 

  c) int. Mode =Phase

:M2(M1)

  -[M1]
 |
  -[M2]-----
            \out

Module M1 can't be heard alone. M1 and M2 use a shared
Waveform. Both M1.Wave and M2.Wave change that shared
Waveform. 
M2.Tune is out of effect and completely controlled by
M1.Tune.
M1.Wave and M1.Tune -effects on M2 are independent of the M1
On/Off-state.
The amplitude-Parms of M1 in this mode works like a
carrier-Amplitude in a FM-Synth or a reverse filter in a subtractive System. Increasing the M1.Amplitude from zero
enriches the M1M2-Wave and adds resonance-effects at higher
levels.
The Output-Level of a Line in Phase-Mode is controlled by
the M2.Amplitude-Parms.

If you are looking for a SQUARE WAVE in your VZ check this:
- Set M1.Amplitude to zero
- Set M1.Wave to SINE
- Set M2.Wave to SAW5 

What you get is the base of a dynamic VZ-waveform.The
dynamic part of it is done by M1.Amplitude. And this is the
'interactive' in CASIOs iPD Acronym.

2. ext. Phase (Line B)=on

  a) int. Line A =Mix
     int. Line B =Mix

:M4(M2 + M1) + M3

   [M1]---     [M3]---
          |           |
   [M2]--- ----[M4]-----
                        \out

M2 and M4 use a shared Waveform. Both M2.Wave and M4.Wave
change that shared Waveform. 
M4.Tune is out of effect and completely controlled by
M2.Tune.
In this case the main actors are M2 and M4. 
The role of M1 is a different one. M1.Wave and M1.Tune have
no effect to the shared waveform of Line A and M4 as long
M1.Amplitude is zero. But it can be used in the dynamic way
by using M1.Amplitude. 

If you are looking for a FM-like modulation in your VZ check
this:
- Set M2.Amplitude to zero
- Set M1.Wave to SINE
- Set M2.Wave to SINE 
- Set M3.Wave to SINE 
- Use M1.Amplitude to modulate M4

  b) int. Line A =Ring
     int. Line B =Mix

:M4(M2 + M1xM2) + M3

   [M1]-X-     [M3]---
        | |         |
   [M2]--- ----[M4]-----
                        \out

M2, M3 and M4 act as described above. The M1 waveform is
ring-modulated by M2.

  c) int. Line A =Phase
     int. Line B =Mix

:M4(M2(M1)) + M3

  -[M1]        [M3]---
 |                    |
  -[M2]--------[M4]-----
                        \out

M1, M2 and M4 use a shared Waveform.
M4.Tune = M2.Tune = M1.Tune

  d) int. Line A =Mix
     int. Line B =Phase

:M4(M3 + M2 + M1))

   [M1]---    -[M3]
          |  |
   [M2]--- ---=[M4]-----
                        \out
M3 and M4 use a shared Waveform. M4.Tune = M3.Tune.
This dynamic base waveform can be modulated by using M1.-,
M2.- and M3.Amplitude.

!!! Obacht (attention(bavarian))

This is a very effective element for iPD-Sounds. Test it by
varying M1.-, M2- and M2.Tune, .Amplitude and .Wave

---later----

   [M1]-X-    -[M3]
        | |  |
   [M2]--- ---=[M4]-----
                        \out


  -[M1]       -[M3]
 |           |
  -[M2]-------=[M4]-----
                        \out