I scan my medium format negatives in a Polaroid Sprintscan 120 with
Silverfast. By selecting the negative mode the Negafix component of Silverfast
automatically takes over. I think the following workflow should be appropriate
for most scanning software,though. Choose the bit depth that you want to
scan in (36-48 is preferred unless you have a real memory constraint). Scan
your black and white negatives in RGB not grayscale. Do the grayscale
conversion in photoshop. Some advise scanning at the resolution required for
the ultimate print size you want, but many , including me, scan at the highest
resolution the scanner will do. In my setup that is 4000 dpi, enough to capture
full information from the 6x7 negative. That results in a pretty large file, but if
you archive it on a CD or external drive, you don't have to scan again when
you change your mind about print size. I do a simple levels adjustment. (black
and white points) Silverfast has an exposure slider as well, and I use that to
kick up exposure on negatives that look underexposed to me. But go easy on
this step. If the scan is difficult to work with in Photoshop, you can go back and
rescan with another overall density adjustment. The main objective of the
scan is to get all the information, as noise free as possible, from the negative. I
rarely use curves at the scanning stage, preferring to do most of my local
contrast and other adjustments in photoshop. I do not sharpen in the scan
software. After checking that my scan settings are what I want (RGB, 4000
dpi, 36-48 bit), I hit the scan button. When the scan is complete and it opens in
Photoshop, the first thing I do is prepare the file for archiving. Viewing at
actual pixels, I inspect the whole file cleaning up spots and artifacts with the
clone tool or the healing brush. Then I make a copy for a working file and
rename it, saving the original in an archive folder on an external device.