Casio CZ/ VZ/ FZ - Pro Series

>  I guess I'm still a little unclear on how the synth engine functions in 
> the first place, and what parameters are manipulable. I understand more or 
> less how FM/PD works, though I understand much more about typical 
> subtractive synthesis. I know the CZ's have 2 DCO's. When only one DCO is 
> in use, there is no modulating signal, correct?

No, completely incorrect. A 2-DCO patch is simply two single-DCO patches in 
parallel, except when ring- or noise modulation is used. The modulation 
source for a DCO's timbre is its DCW envelope .

> So you are stuck w/ a basic sine, triangle, or square wave. Single DCO 
> voices are not FM or PD as such then, correct???

Wrong again. Each DCO has a choice of sawtooth, square, pulse, saw-pulse, 
double-sine and resonant triangle, sawtooth or square, plus any combination 
of two of the first five, or any of the first five with any of the resonant 
waveforms. The DCW with its envelope generator effectively simulates an 
analogue low-pass filter. Each of the two DCOs has its own waveform and its 
own pitch, DCW and DCA envelopes. The two DCOs CAN intermodulate using the 
Ring-mod and Noise mod functions, but are otherwise simply parallel.

> Also, what is the deal w/ the oscillator envelopes? Are these the 
> equivalent of Osc envelopes in a subtractive synth?

The oscillator envelopes control the DCO pitch and nothing else. This can be 
very useful when using the Ring-mod function.

Hope this is helpful.

Simon Beck
London, UK