Casio CZ/ VZ/ FZ - Pro Series

I picked the CZ-101, though I could've done a 1000. I think the synth 
and power supply/amp boards are the same.

I never made my volume slider knob.  I decided I would get over the 
problem. :)

I bought a CZ-101 from a guy on Ebay, and boy did it need some help. 
It was so dirty that it looked like kids used it to build mud 
castles.  I've taken it apart all the way. I've played around with 
identifying various boards and their components.  I'm not ready to 
start desoldering yet. :)

There are a number of connection busses to the User Interface boards. 
I don't know if I'll be able to cheat & build a replacement switch 
system like I wanted to.  I have to understand the workings of the 
switch boards before I begin replacing them.  I know I can 
make /something,/ it's just that I may need a different tack.

A service manual would be helpful about now. I've written off for 
one, but so far have received no reply. Takers on this?

Tony

> A service manual would be helpful about now. I've written off for
> one, but so far have received no reply. Takers on this?
================================

i have a service manual for the CZ-1.

mark glinskey has the service manual for the CZ-101.
		http://www.magicnet.net/~mglnsky/msg4.html

	...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

	To become vegetarian is to step into the stream
	which leads to nirvana.
		-- Buddha

Hi Atom,

then you might be able to tell me what are the 8 connections of the relais
on the the CZ-1 output board are for. It seem to be broken so I made a
connection between Pin 3 + 7 and 4 + 8 and it seems to work know but I don't
know what 5 + 6 is for...

Pin (don't know if I numbered the connectoins right)

 1 2 seem to be the connection for the switch power of the relais
 3 4 L + R one end of the switch
 5 6 don't know....
 7 8 L + R other end of the switch


Thanx!
    Summa



At 17:10 11.08.01 -0400, you wrote:
>> A service manual would be helpful about now. I've written off for
>> one, but so far have received no reply. Takers on this?
>================================
>
>i have a service manual for the CZ-1.
>
>mark glinskey has the service manual for the CZ-101.
>		http://www.magicnet.net/~mglnsky/msg4.html
>
>	...atom
>
>----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
>http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R
>
>	To become vegetarian is to step into the stream
>	which leads to nirvana.
>		-- Buddha
>
>
>
>To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
>CZsynth-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
>
> 
>
>Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ 
>
>

			     
           +                        
           +                       
           +     /\      /\         
        /\ +  /\/  \    /  \        
+++++++/++\++/++++++\++/+++ \    /\  /\         /    O   
      /    \/        \/      \  /  \/  \ |   | /     |  /----
 /\  /     +                  \/        \\---/ ----  |  |
/  \/      +                  /\                  /     \----
           +                 /  \                / 
           +                 Nicknames  : Summa or SumGhost
           +                 AIM        : Flotorian
           +                 Born       : 1967
           +                 Profession : Student of Computer Science
           +	                     

A Touch of Future - Project : http://www.mp3.com/AToF/
Casio CZ Synth Station      : http://www.mp3.com/stations/CZ/ 
CZ/VZ Mailinglist           : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CZsynth

Boycott the Premium Artist Service!!!


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> then you might be able to tell me what are the 8 connections of the relais
> on the the CZ-1 output board are for. It seem to be broken so I made a
> connection between Pin 3 + 7 and 4 + 8 and it seems to work know but I don't
> know what 5 + 6 is for...
>
> Pin (don't know if I numbered the connectoins right)
>
>  1 2 seem to be the connection for the switch power of the relais
>  3 4 L + R one end of the switch
>  5 6 don't know....
>  7 8 L + R other end of the switch
==========================================

the schematic shows it as a 16-pin chip, with 8 pins used.

pins 1,16 are the coil
pins 4,13 are outputs, L,R (B,A)
pins 6,11 are 2.7K dummy-load
pins 8,9  are inputs

yahoo-groups will destroy any ascii-schematic i do, but if you need more
info, i'll get it to you.

(testing yahoo support of ascii-scematics)
(this is sent as a box)

	+---------+
        |         |
        |         |
        |         |
	+---------+


also, i'll see if it mentions it at all, but my guess is that it's just
used to mute the outputs while changing patches, loading data, etc.

for now, bedtime.

        ...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

	"As long as war is regarded as wicked, it will
	 always have its fascination. When it is looked
	 upon as vulgar, it will cease to be popular."
		-- Oscar Wilde

At 22:39 11.08.01 -0400, you wrote:
>> then you might be able to tell me what are the 8 connections of the relais
>> on the the CZ-1 output board are for. It seem to be broken so I made a
>> connection between Pin 3 + 7 and 4 + 8 and it seems to work know but I don't
>> know what 5 + 6 is for...
>>
>> Pin (don't know if I numbered the connectoins right)
>>
>>  1 2 seem to be the connection for the switch power of the relais
>>  3 4 L + R one end of the switch
>>  5 6 don't know....
>>  7 8 L + R other end of the switch
>==========================================
>
Hi, 

many thanx for the info...

>the schematic shows it as a 16-pin chip, with 8 pins used.

The pins parallel to the left and the right don't belong to the unit, at
least not in my CZ-1...

>pins 1,16 are the coil
>pins 4,13 are outputs, L,R (B,A)
>pins 6,11 are 2.7K dummy-load
>pins 8,9  are inputs

Ok, so it was the right decision to connect 8 with 4 and 9 with 13... it
crackles a little when turning on the synth, but I think it's easier then
replacing the chip (what is the right english name for a "electrical
triggered switch", "Relay" ???) and the ouputs are working fine again. My
guess that this little thing is causing problems in many Casio synths after
some years...

I first thought the unit has problems with A/B know, since on the headphone
output it seemed to be not hard left and hard right anymore but now after I
connected it to the mixer again the line outs seem to be ok that's why I
asked for the pinout...

Another thing, there are 3 adjustable resistors on the same board, one is
for the headphone output but I haven't found out what the other two (sitting
close to each other) for. I may have changed their value while trying out
what causes the output to have problems. It would be nice if you look up
their purpose?

>(testing yahoo support of ascii-scematics)
>(this is sent as a box)
>
	+---------+
        |         |
        |         |
        |         |
	+---------+


Well, the box is ok here, maybe it's because I'm using an ascii only
mailprogramm... I still think it was a bad idea to use HTML in mail programms...

>also, i'll see if it mentions it at all, but my guess is that it's just
>used to mute the outputs while changing patches, loading data, etc.

It's reacting shortly after turning on the synth and stays that way... a
friend had the same problem with his FZ-1, but it was harder to find since
it wasn't on the output board. But the FZ relay had only 4 pins...

Ok, thanx again for your help!

Summa

			     
           +                        
           +                       
           +     /\      /\         
        /\ +  /\/  \    /  \        
+++++++/++\++/++++++\++/+++ \    /\  /\         /    O   
      /    \/        \/      \  /  \/  \ |   | /     |  /----
 /\  /     +                  \/        \\---/ ----  |  |
/  \/      +                  /\                  /     \----
           +                 /  \                / 
           +                 Nicknames  : Summa or SumGhost
           +                 AIM        : Flotorian
           +                 Born       : 1967
           +                 Profession : Student of Computer Science
           +	                     

A Touch of Future - Project : http://www.mp3.com/AToF/
Casio CZ Synth Station      : http://www.mp3.com/stations/CZ/ 
CZ/VZ Mailinglist           : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CZsynth

Boycott the Premium Artist Service!!!


_________________________________________________________
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Get your free @... address at http://mail.yahoo.com

> Ok, so it was the right decision to connect 8 with 4 and 9 with 13... it
> crackles a little when turning on the synth, but I think it's easier then
> replacing the chip
=================================
if the relay is not doing what it should, it probably has it's inputs
going to the dummy-load. if you remove the relay, and just run wires
around it, you may notice an increase in output level.

it seems that the relay is there to mute the outputs while the synth is
turning on, and in an unstable state.


> (what is the right english name for a "electrical
> triggered switch", "Relay" ???)
===================================
if there's one, it's a relay.
more than one, are relays.



> Another thing, there are 3 adjustable resistors on the same board, one is
> for the headphone output but I haven't found out what the other two (sitting
> close to each other) for. I may have changed their value while trying out
> what causes the output to have problems. It would be nice if you look up
> their purpose?
===================================
VR1 - ouput levels (headphone & main outs)
VR2, VR3 control the "VCA Offset Voltage"

i posted a crappy picture of the circuit here:
(i don't have a scanner)
		http://smasher.suspicious.org/casio-cz/vca.jpg

pins 3 of the M5241L is analog ground.
pin 1 of LA6462D-2 (labeled C).
pin 7 of LA6462D-2 (labeled D).

use a digital volt-meter, or an analog meter only if it has high-impedance
inputs.

while the unit is making no sounds;
with one probe on pin 3 of the M5241L, put the other probe on one of the
other test-points, [C] or [D], and adjust so that the voltage is less than
3mV.
repeat for both test-points.

it seems that VR3 would adjust test point [C], but the manual says it's
the other way around?

	...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

	"[The] feminist agenda is not about equal rights for women. It is
	 about a socialist, anti-family political movement that encourages
	 women to leave their husbands, kill their children, practice
	 witchcraft, destroy capitalism and become lesbians."
               -- Rev. Pat Robertson, 1992

has anyone ever "bent" a CZ-synth?

http://www.anti-theory.com/soundart/circuitbend/
http://www.oddmusic.com/illogic/index.html


	...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

	"Have you any idea how successful censorship is on TV?
	 Don't know the answer? Hmm. Successful. Isn't it?"
		-- Max Headroom

Hi Atom,

At 11:39 12.08.01 -0400, you wrote:
>> Ok, so it was the right decision to connect 8 with 4 and 9 with 13... it
>> crackles a little when turning on the synth, but I think it's easier then
>> replacing the chip
>=================================
>if the relay is not doing what it should, it probably has it's inputs
>going to the dummy-load. if you remove the relay, and just run wires
>around it, you may notice an increase in output level.

It looks like it's doing what it should do, but it seems like the contacts
are simply to oxydated other then that I guess there would be a connection
between the input and the dummy load? But I might check that when I open it
again...

>it seems that the relay is there to mute the outputs while the synth is
>turning on, and in an unstable state.

I thought so...

>> Another thing, there are 3 adjustable resistors on the same board, one is
>> for the headphone output but I haven't found out what the other two (sitting
>> close to each other) for. I may have changed their value while trying out
>> what causes the output to have problems. It would be nice if you look up
>> their purpose?
>===================================
>VR1 - ouput levels (headphone & main outs)
>VR2, VR3 control the "VCA Offset Voltage"

I'm not sure if I understand what it's for. Is correcting the amount of DC
found in the signal??? 

>i posted a crappy picture of the circuit here:
>(i don't have a scanner)
>		http://smasher.suspicious.org/casio-cz/vca.jpg

It's quite ok!!! THANX!!!

>pins 3 of the M5241L is analog ground.
>pin 1 of LA6462D-2 (labeled C).
>pin 7 of LA6462D-2 (labeled D).
>
>use a digital volt-meter, or an analog meter only if it has high-impedance
>inputs.
>
>while the unit is making no sounds;
>with one probe on pin 3 of the M5241L, put the other probe on one of the
>other test-points, [C] or [D], and adjust so that the voltage is less than
>3mV.
>repeat for both test-points.
>
>it seems that VR3 would adjust test point [C], but the manual says it's
>the other way around?

Hmmm, so I might have to open it again... any idea what could be the worst
thing happen if I don't adjust those settings? Since changing don't seem to
have an effekt on the sound...

Thanx for you help!

Summa


			     
           +                        
           +                       
           +     /\      /\         
        /\ +  /\/  \    /  \        
+++++++/++\++/++++++\++/+++ \    /\  /\         /    O   
      /    \/        \/      \  /  \/  \ |   | /     |  /----
 /\  /     +                  \/        \\---/ ----  |  |
/  \/      +                  /\                  /     \----
           +                 /  \                / 
           +                 Nicknames  : Summa or SumGhost
           +                 AIM        : Flotorian
           +                 Born       : 1967
           +                 Profession : Student of Computer Science
           +	                     

A Touch of Future - Project : http://www.mp3.com/AToF/
Casio CZ Synth Station      : http://www.mp3.com/stations/CZ/ 
CZ/VZ Mailinglist           : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CZsynth

Boycott the Premium Artist Service!!!


_________________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Get your free @... address at http://mail.yahoo.com

> It looks like it's doing what it should do, but it seems like the contacts
> are simply to oxydated other then that I guess there would be a connection
> between the input and the dummy load? But I might check that when I open it
> again...
========================
i've opened mine, once (ugh!)



> I'm not sure if I understand what it's for. Is correcting the amount of DC
> found in the signal???
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>
> Hmmm, so I might have to open it again... any idea what could be the worst
> thing happen if I don't adjust those settings? Since changing don't seem to
> have an effekt on the sound...
==========================

my guess it that they minimize the DC offest of the signal that's fed into
the next amplifier stage. i would guess that if they're not adjusted
right, the headroom and linearity would suffer.


	...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

	"Freedom without opportunity is a devil's gift, and the
	 refusal to provide such opportunities is criminal"
		-- Market Democracy in a Neoliberal Order:
			Doctrines and Reality, Noam Chomsky

At 19:09 12.08.01 -0400, you wrote:
>> It looks like it's doing what it should do, but it seems like the contacts
>> are simply to oxydated other then that I guess there would be a connection
>> between the input and the dummy load? But I might check that when I open it
>> again...
>========================
>i've opened mine, once (ugh!)

Does that mean you haven't closed it since then?

>
>> I'm not sure if I understand what it's for. Is correcting the amount of DC
>> found in the signal???
>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>
>> Hmmm, so I might have to open it again... any idea what could be the worst
>> thing happen if I don't adjust those settings? Since changing don't seem to
>> have an effekt on the sound...
>==========================
>
>my guess it that they minimize the DC offest of the signal that's fed into
>the next amplifier stage. i would guess that if they're not adjusted
>right, the headroom and linearity would suffer.


I see, I'd give it a try... I opened it again, have found the LA 646D2D-2
but can't find the point C & D... since I'm not sure how to count the pins
(I don't do that often, just when things get broken ;))... I guess pin 1 is
the one with the white circle around it?! so how do I find pin 7, do I have
to look at the upside of the "amplifier" chip and count counterclock wise
and what about pin 8? It's not in the scematics...

Summa



			     
           +                        
           +                       
           +     /\      /\         
        /\ +  /\/  \    /  \        
+++++++/++\++/++++++\++/+++ \    /\  /\         /    O   
      /    \/        \/      \  /  \/  \ |   | /     |  /----
 /\  /     +                  \/        \\---/ ----  |  |
/  \/      +                  /\                  /     \----
           +                 /  \                / 
           +                 Nicknames  : Summa or SumGhost
           +                 AIM        : Flotorian
           +                 Born       : 1967
           +                 Profession : Student of Computer Science
           +	                     

A Touch of Future - Project : http://www.mp3.com/AToF/
Casio CZ Synth Station      : http://www.mp3.com/stations/CZ/ 
CZ/VZ Mailinglist           : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CZsynth

Boycott the Premium Artist Service!!!


_________________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Get your free @... address at http://mail.yahoo.com

> >i've opened mine, once (ugh!)
>
> Does that mean you haven't closed it since then?
=====================================
i wish i had the space to leave it open. it would make bending it much
easier.

i probably won't open it up again 'til i'm ready to change the backlight
to red.


> I see, I'd give it a try... I opened it again, have found the LA 646D2D-2
> but can't find the point C & D... since I'm not sure how to count the pins
> (I don't do that often, just when things get broken ;))... I guess pin 1 is
> the one with the white circle around it?! so how do I find pin 7, do I have
> to look at the upside of the "amplifier" chip and count counterclock wise
> and what about pin 8? It's not in the scematics...
=====================================

(top view)(note the notch, and the dot)


    16 15 14 13 12
     |  |  |  |  |
    +--------------
    |
    )
    |.
    +--------------
     |  |  |  |  |
     1  2  3  4  5




	...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

	"Any society which does not insist upon respect for all
	 life must necessarily decay."
		-- Albert Einstein

At 22:04 12.08.01 -0400, you wrote:
>> >i've opened mine, once (ugh!)
>>
>> Does that mean you haven't closed it since then?
>=====================================
>i wish i had the space to leave it open. it would make bending it much
>easier.

It's my very first synth so I don't want it to get broken...


>i probably won't open it up again 'til i'm ready to change the backlight
>to red.
>
>
>> I see, I'd give it a try... I opened it again, have found the LA 646D2D-2
>> but can't find the point C & D... since I'm not sure how to count the pins
>> (I don't do that often, just when things get broken ;))... I guess pin 1 is
>> the one with the white circle around it?! so how do I find pin 7, do I have
>> to look at the upside of the "amplifier" chip and count counterclock wise
>> and what about pin 8? It's not in the scematics...
>=====================================
>
>(top view)(note the notch, and the dot)
>
>
>    16 15 14 13 12
>     |  |  |  |  |
>    +--------------
>    |
>    )
>    |.
>    +--------------
>     |  |  |  |  |
>     1  2  3  4  5
>

16 pins? This is just an example for a chip isn't it? and has nothing to do
with the LA 646D2D-2 ??? Mine has only 8 Pins...

Summa

			     
           +                        
           +                       
           +     /\      /\         
        /\ +  /\/  \    /  \        
+++++++/++\++/++++++\++/+++ \    /\  /\         /    O   
      /    \/        \/      \  /  \/  \ |   | /     |  /----
 /\  /     +                  \/        \\---/ ----  |  |
/  \/      +                  /\                  /     \----
           +                 /  \                / 
           +                 Nicknames  : Summa or SumGhost
           +                 AIM        : Flotorian
           +                 Born       : 1967
           +                 Profession : Student of Computer Science
           +	                     

A Touch of Future - Project : http://www.mp3.com/AToF/
Casio CZ Synth Station      : http://www.mp3.com/stations/CZ/ 
CZ/VZ Mailinglist           : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CZsynth

Boycott the Premium Artist Service!!!


_________________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Get your free @... address at http://mail.yahoo.com

--- In CZsynth@y..., "Atom 'Smasher'" <atom@s...> wrote:
> has anyone ever "bent" a CZ-synth?
Atom,

I thought about this for a bit.  Then I decided that the service 
manual will really help in this effort.  

The CZ's synth board seems mostly digital, so the effect of adding a 
resistor inline with a connection between a RAS signal and a ROM chip 
doesn't seem very useful. :)

The keypads (both for the piano keys and for the control buttons) are 
all digital... the best you could hope for is a set of two or more 
keys being pressed at once.  There are diodes all over those boards 
that currently prevent this, but "bending" might skip over the diodes.

There's a latch board to keep the LEDs turned "on" once a 
corresponding control button's been pressed.  Maybe you could get two 
LEDs to come on that shouldn't both be on.

The amp board and the analog output sections of the synth board could 
be fun.  I'm thinkin' there's a D2A piece that could be interesting, 
and everything "after" that would be fun too. Hhehehe you might even 
mess with the auto power off logic so it turns off very quickly? I 
dunno.

I'd be more interested in understanding the differences between the 
CZ-1000/101 and the 3K/5K/1 boards.  Maybe we could get more 
polyphony out of our little friends?  I can't find anything about 
the "microprocessor" chips on the synth board.  I searched the web 
extensively.  I didn't think I would find anything, either. Who 
knows, so I tried.

Tony

> >    16 15 14 13 12
> >     |  |  |  |  |
> >    +--------------
> >    |
> >    )
> >    |.
> >    +--------------
> >     |  |  |  |  |
> >     1  2  3  4  5
> >
>
> 16 pins? This is just an example for a chip isn't it? and has nothing to do
> with the LA 646D2D-2 ??? Mine has only 8 Pins...
==========================================================

oh, yeah... just start at the notch, or dot, and count counter-clockwise
(from the top).

	...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

	"Politics is the art of preventing people from taking part
	 in affairs which properly concern them."
		-- Paul Valery

> > has anyone ever "bent" a CZ-synth?

> I thought about this for a bit.  Then I decided that the service
> manual will really help in this effort.
===========================================
for "true" circuit bending, i think the manual is cheating.
personally, i like to mix theory and anti-theory, so having a manual is
cool.
i've got the CZ-1 service manual... does anyone else have other CZ service
docs?



> The CZ's synth board seems mostly digital, so the effect of adding a
> resistor inline with a connection between a RAS signal and a ROM chip
> doesn't seem very useful. :)
===========================================
it's all digital, except the power supply and outputs.



> The amp board and the analog output sections of the synth board could
> be fun.  I'm thinkin' there's a D2A piece that could be interesting,
> and everything "after" that would be fun too. Hhehehe you might even
> mess with the auto power off logic so it turns off very quickly? I
> dunno.
===========================================
i would target the D/A convertors. i think this would produce the best
results, overall.


> I'd be more interested in understanding the differences between the
> CZ-1000/101 and the 3K/5K/1 boards.  Maybe we could get more
> polyphony out of our little friends?  I can't find anything about
> the "microprocessor" chips on the synth board.  I searched the web
> extensively.  I didn't think I would find anything, either. Who
> knows, so I tried.
===========================================
the CZ-1 uses dual-processors to get it's polyphony.
a long-time dream of mine, would be to get the CZ-101 to recognize
velocity, and then rack-mount it.

	...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

        "I see in the near future a crisis approaching that unnerves me
         and causes me to tremble for the safety of my country....
         corporations have been enthroned and an era of corruption in high
         places will follow, and the money power of the country will
         endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of
         the people until all wealth is aggregated in a few hands and the
         Republic is destroyed."
                -- U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, Nov. 21, 1864

Hi Atom,

well, I tried it, but the values are constantly changing, it seems to have a
little influence on the chorus, that I don't use anymore, since it's too
noisy...
I tried looking at the output with the oscilloscope software I use, I but it
seems everything is in phase and I hear/see no distortions, so I probably
close it without adjusting it at all, since it sounds ok to me... 

Anyway thanx for your help!!!!!


Summa


At 13:01 13.08.01 -0400, you wrote:
>> >    16 15 14 13 12
>> >     |  |  |  |  |
>> >    +--------------
>> >    |
>> >    )
>> >    |.
>> >    +--------------
>> >     |  |  |  |  |
>> >     1  2  3  4  5
>> >
>>
>> 16 pins? This is just an example for a chip isn't it? and has nothing to do
>> with the LA 646D2D-2 ??? Mine has only 8 Pins...
>==========================================================
>
>oh, yeah... just start at the notch, or dot, and count counter-clockwise
>(from the top).
>
>	...atom
>
>----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
>http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R
>
>	"Politics is the art of preventing people from taking part
>	 in affairs which properly concern them."
>		-- Paul Valery
>
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           +                        
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           +     /\      /\         
        /\ +  /\/  \    /  \        
+++++++/++\++/++++++\++/+++ \    /\  /\         /    O   
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           +                 Nicknames  : Summa or SumGhost
           +                 AIM        : Flotorian
           +                 Born       : 1967
           +                 Profession : Student of Computer Science
           +	                     

A Touch of Future - Project : http://www.mp3.com/AToF/
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> well, I tried it, but the values are constantly changing, it seems to have a
> little influence on the chorus, that I don't use anymore, since it's too
> noisy...
> I tried looking at the output with the oscilloscope software I use, I but it
> seems everything is in phase and I hear/see no distortions, so I probably
> close it without adjusting it at all, since it sounds ok to me...
===============================================

oh-well.... as long as it sounds cool....


now, about the chorus.... i don't use mine, either, becasue of the noise.
on my unit, the noise is in the fader, not the chorus itself.

that's a shame, because looking at the shematics, the chorus design is a
really-sweet looking, 3-phase, analog, stereo chorus.
if it weren't so noisey, it'd probably sound ~really~ nice.
(like, it'd probably be something that guitar-players would envy.)

	...atom

----------------Void-If-Detached----------------
http://smasher.suspicious.org/fs1r  Yamaha FS1R

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