Lpc2000

Hi group,
i`m doing my first steps with LPC2114 and gnuarm. I�ve found a trouble 
when i try to link the objects files from c-sources and as-sources with 
arm-elf-ld and the following parameters : -Map main.map -TPruebaLPC.ld -
t. The linker tell me: Undefined reference to `THOSE FUNCTIONS THAT ARE 
WROTE IN ASSEMBLER`; although i�ve declared those functions in my 
headers files and properly included. Hope someone can help me. Thanks.

--- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "dgaydou" <dgaydou@...> wrote:
>
> Hi group,
> i`m doing my first steps with LPC2114 and gnuarm. I´ve found a 
trouble 
> when i try to link the objects files from c-sources and as-sources 
with 
> arm-elf-ld and the following parameters : -Map main.map -
TPruebaLPC.ld -
> t. The linker tell me: Undefined reference to `THOSE FUNCTIONS 
THAT ARE 
> WROTE IN ASSEMBLER`; although i´ve declared those functions in my 
> headers files and properly included. Hope someone can help me. 
Thanks.
>

Do you have the assembler directive ".global" in the assembler 
source file? Without it the function name is not visible to the 
linker. This behaviour is different from 'C' in that the default is 
NOT to make function names visible.

Example:

/* list functions exported from this file */

.global	GetCPSR, SomeOtherFunction

/* implementation of GetCPSR */

GetCPSR:
    mrs  r0, cpsr  /* Get CPSR */
    bx   lr        /* return to caller */

This can be declared in 'C' as:

unsigned int GetCPSR(void);

and used as:

unsigned int cpsr = GetCPSR();

My guess is that this is your problem.

Brendan

i´m afraid, i´ve already done it, as you tell me in your example. It 
must be something else... another idea, please.
Thanks for your help

--- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "brendanmurphy37" 
<brendanmurphy37@...> wrote:
>
> --- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "dgaydou" <dgaydou@> wrote:
> >
> > Hi group,
> > i`m doing my first steps with LPC2114 and gnuarm. I´ve found a 
> trouble 
> > when i try to link the objects files from c-sources and as-
sources 

> with 
> > arm-elf-ld and the following parameters : -Map main.map -
> TPruebaLPC.ld -
> > t. The linker tell me: Undefined reference to `THOSE FUNCTIONS 
> THAT ARE 
> > WROTE IN ASSEMBLER`; although i´ve declared those functions in my 
> > headers files and properly included. Hope someone can help me. 
> Thanks.
> >
> 
> Do you have the assembler directive ".global" in the assembler 
> source file? Without it the function name is not visible to the 
> linker. This behaviour is different from 'C' in that the default is 
> NOT to make function names visible.
> 
> Example:
> 
> /* list functions exported from this file */
> 
> .global	GetCPSR, SomeOtherFunction
> 
> /* implementation of GetCPSR */
> 
> GetCPSR:
>     mrs  r0, cpsr  /* Get CPSR */
>     bx   lr        /* return to caller */
> 
> This can be declared in 'C' as:
> 
> unsigned int GetCPSR(void);
> 
> and used as:
> 
> unsigned int cpsr = GetCPSR();
> 
> My guess is that this is your problem.
> 
> Brendan
>

hi,
i have interfaced lcd to lpc 2104 
-> problem is when i send data on lcd above 0x49
its DB7 bit of lcd get set that is logic high! so i get some display of higher ascii characters
in short any characters above "I" does not get displayed instaid original sent character with DB7th bit set get printed how to clear that bit???

i mean i am messing with some settings or what!

Please help me soon!
thankx!

		
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omkar vyas wrote:
> hi,
> i have interfaced lcd to lpc 2104 
> -> problem is when i send data on lcd above 0x49
> its DB7 bit of lcd get set that is logic high! so i get some display of higher ascii characters
> in short any characters above "I" does not get displayed instaid original sent character with DB7th bit set get printed how to clear that bit???
> 
> i mean i am messing with some settings or what!

No. 5 is alive! need input, need input ....

please input hardware & software details for analysis >

We could just guess one of the thousands of different ways that an lcd 
could be connected up and then also guess the exact code you used I suppose.


*Peter*

hi ,
Peter, Thankx
i am sending all related files with this mail
c firstly in arch.h i have data structure u can find all definations also
in system.c ->delay n all routines
in lcd.c->all functions related to lcd
in init.c->all peripherials init
in main .c i am calling all functins!!!!

Peter Jakacki <peterjak@...> wrote:    omkar vyas wrote:
 > hi,
 > i have interfaced lcd to lpc 2104 
 > -> problem is when i send data on lcd above 0x49
 > its DB7 bit of lcd get set that is logic high! so i get some display of higher ascii characters
 > in short any characters above "I" does not get displayed instaid original sent character with DB7th bit set get printed how to clear that bit???
 > 
 > i mean i am messing with some settings or what!
 
 No. 5 is alive! need input, need input ....
 
 please input hardware & software details for analysis >
 
 We could just guess one of the thousands of different ways that an lcd 
 could be connected up and then also guess the exact code you used I suppose.
 
 
 *Peter*
 
            

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Make sure the identifier from your error message is exactly the same as 
the identifier after the .global. I used to code x86 assembler in masm 
or tasm and there you had to prefix the identifier with an underscore ( 
_ ). When I started with ARM also did this and it gave the same errors 
you are getting now.

Make sure you use extern "C" { ..... } if you are coding in c++, 
otherwise the identifiers are decorated (to make overloading possible 
and add some extra error checking).

Regards,
Richard.


dgaydou wrote:

> i\ufffdm afraid, i\ufffdve already done it, as you tell me in your example. It
> must be something else... another idea, please.
> Thanks for your help
>
> --- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "brendanmurphy37"
> <brendanmurphy37@...> wrote:
> >
> > --- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "dgaydou" <dgaydou@> wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi group,
> > > i`m doing my first steps with LPC2114 and gnuarm. I\ufffdve found a
> > trouble
> > > when i try to link the objects files from c-sources and as-
> sources
> > with
> > > arm-elf-ld and the following parameters : -Map main.map -
> > TPruebaLPC.ld -
> > > t. The linker tell me: Undefined reference to `THOSE FUNCTIONS
> > THAT ARE
> > > WROTE IN ASSEMBLER`; although i\ufffdve declared those functions in my
> > > headers files and properly included. Hope someone can help me.
> > Thanks.
> > >
> >
> > Do you have the assembler directive ".global" in the assembler
> > source file? Without it the function name is not visible to the
> > linker. This behaviour is different from 'C' in that the default is
> > NOT to make function names visible.
> >
> > Example:
> >
> > /* list functions exported from this file */
> >
> > .global      GetCPSR, SomeOtherFunction
> >
> > /* implementation of GetCPSR */
> >
> > GetCPSR:
> >     mrs  r0, cpsr  /* Get CPSR */
> >     bx   lr        /* return to caller */
> >
> > This can be declared in 'C' as:
> >
> > unsigned int GetCPSR(void);
> >
> > and used as:
> >
> > unsigned int cpsr = GetCPSR();
> >
> > My guess is that this is your problem.
> >
> > Brendan
> >
>
>
>
>
>
>
> SPONSORED LINKS
> Microcontrollers 
> <http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Microcontrollers&w1=Microcontrollers&w2=Microprocessor&w3=Intel+microprocessors&c=3&s=69&.sig=c-HXthtbZy4TZbI3ib0PMg> 
> 	Microprocessor 
> <http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?t=ms&k=Microprocessor&w1=Microcontrollers&w2=Microprocessor&w3=Intel+microprocessors&c=3&s=69&.sig=ijt0SspWtjogcHCuFD0lUQ> 
> 	Intel microprocessors 
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>
>
>
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>       Service <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/>.
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> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>

--- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, Richard Duits <yahoo@...> wrote:
>
> Make sure the identifier from your error message is exactly the 
same as 
> the identifier after the .global. I used to code x86 assembler in 
masm 
> or tasm and there you had to prefix the identifier with an 
underscore ( 
> _ ). When I started with ARM also did this and it gave the same 
errors 
> you are getting now.

It´s verified, there is absolute coincidence. I´ve pased -
y "Problematic function" to the linker, and it confirms that they are 
declare properly in those assembler object files. I´ve also made 
tests with underscores (_), and it didn´t work.


> 
> Make sure you use extern "C" { ..... } if you are coding in c++, 
> otherwise the identifiers are decorated (to make overloading 
possible 
> and add some extra error checking).

I´m coding in "C", I´ve declare the functions: extern void 
ProblematicFunction (void);


I´ve brought together some .c and.s files plus a makefile in a folder 
to debug this problem. I could upload or email it if someone wants to 
test and see the problem. I´m sure i´m making an obviously mistake :).

Thanks again.

> 
> Regards,
> Richard.
> 
> 
> dgaydou wrote:
> > i´m afraid, i´ve already done it, as you tell me in your example. 
It
> > must be something else... another idea, please.
> > Thanks for your help
> >
> > --- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "brendanmurphy37"
> > <brendanmurphy37@> wrote:
> > >
> > > --- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "dgaydou" <dgaydou@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi group,
> > > > i`m doing my first steps with LPC2114 and gnuarm. I´ve found a
> > > trouble
> > > > when i try to link the objects files from c-sources and as-
> > sources
> > > with
> > > > arm-elf-ld and the following parameters : -Map main.map -
> > > TPruebaLPC.ld -
> > > > t. The linker tell me: Undefined reference to `THOSE FUNCTIONS
> > > THAT ARE
> > > > WROTE IN ASSEMBLER`; although i´ve declared those functions 
in my
> > > > headers files and properly included. Hope someone can help me.
> > > Thanks.
> > > >
> > >
> > > Do you have the assembler directive ".global" in the assembler
> > > source file? Without it the function name is not visible to the
> > > linker. This behaviour is different from 'C' in that the 
default is
> > > NOT to make function names visible.
> > >
> > > Example:
> > >
> > > /* list functions exported from this file */
> > >
> > > .global      GetCPSR, SomeOtherFunction
> > >
> > > /* implementation of GetCPSR */
> > >
> > > GetCPSR:
> > >     mrs  r0, cpsr  /* Get CPSR */
> > >     bx   lr        /* return to caller */
> > >
> > > This can be declared in 'C' as:
> > >
> > > unsigned int GetCPSR(void);
> > >
> > > and used as:
> > >
> > > unsigned int cpsr = GetCPSR();
> > >
> > > My guess is that this is your problem.
> > >
> > > Brendan
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > SPONSORED LINKS
> > Microcontrollers 
> > <http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
t=ms&k=Microcontrollers&w1=Microcontrollers&w2=Microprocessor&w3=Intel
+microprocessors&c=3&s=69&.sig=c-HXthtbZy4TZbI3ib0PMg> 
> > 	Microprocessor 
> > <http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
t=ms&k=Microprocessor&w1=Microcontrollers&w2=Microprocessor&w3=Intel+m
icroprocessors&c=3&s=69&.sig=ijt0SspWtjogcHCuFD0lUQ> 
> > 	Intel microprocessors 
> > <http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
t=ms&k=Intel+microprocessors&w1=Microcontrollers&w2=Microprocessor&w3=
Intel+microprocessors&c=3&s=69&.sig=WOZdpklkgHbXR5quAgrl5w> 
> >
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> > YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS
> >
> >     *  Visit your group "lpc2000
> >       <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lpc2000>" on the web.
> >        
> >     *  To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
> >        lpc2000-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
> >       <mailto:lpc2000-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?
subject=Unsubscribe>
> >        
> >     *  Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of
> >       Service <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/>.
> >
> >
> > ------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> >
>

If ld can't find your functions, maybe you aren't including the object
file on the ld command line.

I have crt.o (the object file from crt.s) as a searate object in my
linker line:

LDSCRIPT  = lpc2106-FLASH.ld
LDFLAGS   =  -Map ${TARGET}.map -T${LDSCRIPT}
LOCATION  = /usr/local/arm
LD        = ${LOCATION}/bin/arm-elf-ld
OBJS      = main.o ata.o conio.o controller.o dir.o fat.o files.o \
            i2c.o interrupt.o ioports.o setup.o spi.o timer.o 

${TARGET}.elf : ${LDSCRIPT} crt.o ${OBJS}
	        ${LD} ${LDFLAGS} -o ${TARGET}.elf crt.o ${OBJS} ${LIBRARIES}

All of the OBJS are from C files, crt.o is the only object file
created from assembly language.

There is no problem with ld, almost everybody links an assembly
language startup file.

Richard

As a general suggestion, try and get something very simple working, 
and work from there. In this case, I'd suggest:

- one 'C' file, with one function
- one assembler file, with one function
- one link file to link the two

Does that work?

If no, then you have something simple to figure out what's wrong 
(try posting the relevant files here, and I'm sure someone will 
suggest something).

If yes, then try adding stuff a bit at a time until you're back to 
where you started from.

This is a general, well-known and effective strategy for locating 
the source of problems.

A couple of more specific suggestions:

- does the linker require files to be in order? if so, then maybe 
the file order is wrong
- are you 100% sure it's picking up the right files from the right 
locations? 

Brendan.

--- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "dgaydou" <dgaydou@...> wrote:
>
> --- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, Richard Duits <yahoo@> wrote:
> >
> > Make sure the identifier from your error message is exactly the 
> same as 
> > the identifier after the .global. I used to code x86 assembler 
in 
> masm 
> > or tasm and there you had to prefix the identifier with an 
> underscore ( 
> > _ ). When I started with ARM also did this and it gave the same 
> errors 
> > you are getting now.
> 
> It´s verified, there is absolute coincidence. I´ve pased -
> y "Problematic function" to the linker, and it confirms that they 
are 
> declare properly in those assembler object files. I´ve also made 
> tests with underscores (_), and it didn´t work.
> 
> 
> > 
> > Make sure you use extern "C" { ..... } if you are coding in c++, 
> > otherwise the identifiers are decorated (to make overloading 
> possible 
> > and add some extra error checking).
> 
> I´m coding in "C", I´ve declare the functions: extern void 
> ProblematicFunction (void);
> 
> 
> I´ve brought together some .c and.s files plus a makefile in a 
folder 
> to debug this problem. I could upload or email it if someone wants 
to 
> test and see the problem. I´m sure i´m making an obviously 
mistake :).
> 
> Thanks again.
> 
> > 
> > Regards,
> > Richard.
> > 
> > 
> > dgaydou wrote:
> > > i´m afraid, i´ve already done it, as you tell me in your 
example. 
> It
> > > must be something else... another idea, please.
> > > Thanks for your help
> > >
> > > --- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "brendanmurphy37"
> > > <brendanmurphy37@> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > --- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, "dgaydou" <dgaydou@> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi group,
> > > > > i`m doing my first steps with LPC2114 and gnuarm. I´ve 
found a
> > > > trouble
> > > > > when i try to link the objects files from c-sources and as-
> > > sources
> > > > with
> > > > > arm-elf-ld and the following parameters : -Map main.map -
> > > > TPruebaLPC.ld -
> > > > > t. The linker tell me: Undefined reference to `THOSE 
FUNCTIONS
> > > > THAT ARE
> > > > > WROTE IN ASSEMBLER`; although i´ve declared those 
functions 
> in my
> > > > > headers files and properly included. Hope someone can help 
me.
> > > > Thanks.
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > > Do you have the assembler directive ".global" in the 
assembler
> > > > source file? Without it the function name is not visible to 
the
> > > > linker. This behaviour is different from 'C' in that the 
> default is
> > > > NOT to make function names visible.
> > > >
> > > > Example:
> > > >
> > > > /* list functions exported from this file */
> > > >
> > > > .global      GetCPSR, SomeOtherFunction
> > > >
> > > > /* implementation of GetCPSR */
> > > >
> > > > GetCPSR:
> > > >     mrs  r0, cpsr  /* Get CPSR */
> > > >     bx   lr        /* return to caller */
> > > >
> > > > This can be declared in 'C' as:
> > > >
> > > > unsigned int GetCPSR(void);
> > > >
> > > > and used as:
> > > >
> > > > unsigned int cpsr = GetCPSR();
> > > >
> > > > My guess is that this is your problem.
> > > >
> > > > Brendan
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > SPONSORED LINKS
> > > Microcontrollers 
> > > <http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
> 
t=ms&k=Microcontrollers&w1=Microcontrollers&w2=Microprocessor&w3=Inte
l
> +microprocessors&c=3&s=69&.sig=c-HXthtbZy4TZbI3ib0PMg> 
> > > 	Microprocessor 
> > > <http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
> 
t=ms&k=Microprocessor&w1=Microcontrollers&w2=Microprocessor&w3=Intel+
m
> icroprocessors&c=3&s=69&.sig=ijt0SspWtjogcHCuFD0lUQ> 
> > > 	Intel microprocessors 
> > > <http://groups.yahoo.com/gads?
> 
t=ms&k=Intel+microprocessors&w1=Microcontrollers&w2=Microprocessor&w3
=
> Intel+microprocessors&c=3&s=69&.sig=WOZdpklkgHbXR5quAgrl5w> 
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > ---------------------------------------------------------------
---
> ------
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> > >
> > >     *  Visit your group "lpc2000
> > >       <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/lpc2000>" on the web.
> > >        
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> > >        lpc2000-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
> > >       <mailto:lpc2000-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?
> subject=Unsubscribe>
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> > >     *  Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! 
Terms of
> > >       Service <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/>.
> > >
> > >
> > > ---------------------------------------------------------------
---

> ------
> > >
> >
>

> As a general suggestion, try and get something very simple working, 

If you want an example of some simple code, and a better
understanding of what the tools are doing for you, take a
look at:

http://www.ovro.caltech.edu/~dwh/ucos/project_AR1803.pdf
http://www.ovro.caltech.edu/~dwh/ucos/gcc_and_ucosii.zip

The uCOS port has some assembler code, os_cpu_a.s, which
is an example of how to make assembler functions visible
to C code and vice versa.

Cheers,
Dave

omkar vyas wrote:
> hi ,
> Peter, Thankx
> i am sending all related files with this mail
> c firstly in arch.h i have data structure u can find all definations also
> in system.c ->delay n all routines
> in lcd.c->all functions related to lcd
> in init.c->all peripherials init
> in main .c i am calling all functins!!!!

 > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


I guess you have figured out by now that Yahoo strips attachments from 
posts. Could I suggest that you download the files to some public 
webspace and submit the link in your post so that anyone can view these 
files and comment. If you do not have your own space perhaps you could 
temporarily download to the groups file section and delete the material 
after 30 days so as not to clutter the meager space that Yahoo provides.

*Peter*

I haven´t had fixed my problem with the linker, but i´ve found 
helpfull those sites because i´m trying to port ucos_ii to LPC2114 
and the examples from AR1830 work perfectly. That´s exactly what i 
need to start my work. Thanks for your help. May be some day i can 
find out where´s the problem with the linking of my files. I´ll tell 
you... :)
Cheers
David
--- In lpc2000@yahoogroups.com, David Hawkins <dwh@...> wrote:
>
> 
> > As a general suggestion, try and get something very simple 
working, 

> 
> If you want an example of some simple code, and a better
> understanding of what the tools are doing for you, take a
> look at:
> 
> http://www.ovro.caltech.edu/~dwh/ucos/project_AR1803.pdf
> http://www.ovro.caltech.edu/~dwh/ucos/gcc_and_ucosii.zip
> 
> The uCOS port has some assembler code, os_cpu_a.s, which
> is an example of how to make assembler functions visible
> to C code and vice versa.
> 
> Cheers,
> Dave
>

ya thankx peter but fortunatly i could solve the problem but i will definatly find my own space n forward u the link!

Peter Jakacki <peterjak@...> wrote:    omkar vyas wrote:
 > hi ,
 > Peter, Thankx
 > i am sending all related files with this mail
 > c firstly in arch.h i have data structure u can find all definations also
 > in system.c ->delay n all routines
 > in lcd.c->all functions related to lcd
 > in init.c->all peripherials init
 > in main .c i am calling all functins!!!!
 
  > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
 
 
 I guess you have figured out by now that Yahoo strips attachments from 
 posts. Could I suggest that you download the files to some public 
 webspace and submit the link in your post so that anyone can view these 
 files and comment. If you do not have your own space perhaps you could 
 temporarily download to the groups file section and delete the material 
 after 30 days so as not to clutter the meager space that Yahoo provides.
 
 *Peter*
 
 
            

        SPONSORED LINKS   
                                                    Microcontrollers                                       Microprocessor                                       Intel microprocessors                                                                 
      
---------------------------------
   YAHOO! GROUPS LINKS 
 
    
    Visit your group "lpc2000" on the web.
    
    To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
 lpc2000-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
    
    Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. 
 
    
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